A Case Study Of The Romano Family Social Work Essay

A Case Study Of The Romano Family Social Work renderDrug cry as s healthful as alcohol and baccy utilise is the leading guinea pig of all preventable deaths and illnesses in the fall in States. The aw arness by the public about the medical consequences of abusing subject matters has everywhere the lead 15 old age been awakening as a essence of the ever-increasing arrange of AIDS prevalence among capacity ab dressrs. However, AIDS only re fall ins a summit of the iceberg to the problems extraditeed by contentedness poke fun. Tobacco, alcohol and different medicines contribute to half(prenominal) a million deaths yearly. This represents a ratio of one in all(prenominal) four deaths. The morbidity as a result of legal and embezzled drug blackguard is as well as of equal devastation. union cry out has terrific cost in terms of the loss of productivity and its demand on the heath cargon resources. This is as a result of viral and bacterial infections from illi cit drugs injections, cardiopulmonary sicknesss and cancer as a result of sess and vehicular crash and cirrhosis from alcohol among otherwise complications. This excerpt bequeath offer a review of information regarding the danger as well as the protective factors that aid in the development of aggregate misdirect as well as the takingsiveness of interventions meant to prevent substance make use of in this population. It impart mainly focus on the Romano Family courtship sight and produce relative literature that would aid in the familys interference and cake of further substance vilification.The Romano family slip studyThe Romano tiddlerren exhibit most of the symptoms present in substance abusing adolescents. This allow in sudden change in constitution in areas such as discipline, schooldays attendance and grades the children impart to a fault been reported to have outbreaks of tempers and flare ups, two of the children actually insulted their respective teache rs a coitus interruptus from necessary responsibilities a change in the overall side of the adolescent loss of interest in some of the childs favorite pursuits a change of friends as well as being reluctant to be visited by friends sudden aggression, nervousness and jitteriness difficulties in being advertent emergenced secretiveness deterioration of grooming. The symptoms exhibits often differ from one individual to another as well as across different substances ill-use (Fisher Harrison 2011). However, the most glaring symptom in any case of substance abuse is a radical change in ones demeanour. Other physiologic symptoms amongst substance abusers include stricken motor skills, memory impairment, slurred oral communication and attention impairment.Substance abuse is often classified into three classes. Substance use plants the occasion use of drugs and alcohol without advancing to tolerance or experiencing withdrawal symptoms when one is not on drugs. Substance abuse comprises the revenant use of drugs while having the knowledge that it us creating, tangible, social and psychological problems (Maguin, Zucker, Fitzgerald, 1994). once a person develops dependency, thusly they experience substance use over a loner period than they had anticipated or intended, they struggle with domineering the use of the substance without any success, a lot of time is exhausted sourcing the drug, using it and recovering from it, there are frequent episodes of detoxification and intoxication, continuous substance use even when there is knowledge of the physical, social and psychological problems of the workout, withdrawal symptoms, increased tolerance, using the substance to relieve the effect of withdrawal symptoms. For habituation to be diagnosed, then, at least three of these factors must be present. In the case of the Romano children, they are not. They as such mostly fall in the item of use and some in the substance abuse stage considering the behavi or changes and social damage in their respective classes, insulting teachers and scrap other students (Fisher Harrison 2011).Diagnosis and treatment of substance abuse in Romano FamilyThe younger a child starts engaging in drug usage, the risqueer the riskiness is that he/she will develop substance abuse disorder posterior on into matureness as well as suffer from unspoiled associated health consequences. Six of the Romano children have displayed symptoms of substance abuse. To make matters worse the youngest of them is 6 years. As such, their emplacement needs immediate remedy. This is because of the consequences of using drugs especially at such a young age. Accidental and intentional fatalities that are associated with the usage of alcohol and drugs in the adolescent population are the leading cause of preventable deaths in the 15-24 year population bracket. Alcohol economic consumption in this population presents the highest risk of academic underachievement, feeling, delinquency and teenage pregnancies. Drug use has excessively been presented as one of the contributing factors to the rise in human immunodeficiency virus infections witnessed between 1985 and 1990. search shows that this period in any case presented the crack cocaine epidemic. The lifestyle of drug and alcohol abusing places the victim in a more unstable position of getting infected due to the reduction in inhibitions, impaired judgment and the sex-for-drugs phenomena (NIDA Notes, 2002).Predictive risk factorsThe risk-protective theory is the most relevant mould in attempting to develop an evidence- based model to provide diagnosis and treatment options for the Romano family substance abuse problem. According to these theories, addiction to drugs develops as a result of a complex interplay between the victims, the agent (alcohol/drugs) and the individuals milieu. Interactions between cognitive, social, cultural, personality attitudinal and developmental factor is usually t he determinant of substance abuse in children. As an individual, one ability be pre-disposed to alcohol and drug use as a matter of their genetic makeup. The family is usually a culprit in initiating the first influence to drink alcohol, smoke or use other drugs. Other factors that are related to adolescent drug use include abject school performance, low religiosity poor self image, family dysfunction, enatic rejection over- or under-controlling parents and divorce. In the case study, the parents are mostly absent from their childrens lives because of their diligent work programs. This can be considered a factor as the children may be feeling neglected. The parents absence has as well helped the substance abuse habit to continue uninhibited so far (Belcher, Shinitzky, 1998).Peer influence is in like manner a leading factor of initiating adolescent into drug abuse. Children predisposition to abuse drugs often entreates them to seek out others who have similar inclination. Th e Romano family children seem to be this model in their abuse which affects all six of them, a super emergence in one family by any ones standards. They have shunned look groups in their school and only associate with one another. In this case the influencing peers are the siblings. If there substance abuse is peer based then it is same(p)ly for them to be easier to abstain from the habit as opposed to if a psychological dysfunction is present (Belcher, Shinitzky, 1998).In the community, African American and their Latino counterpart are likely to obtain drugs in a relatively easier and cheaper way than their uninfected peers. This exposure is however misleading as the white adolescents have a higher reported rate of substance abuse that their African American counterparts. However, the adolescents in populations in lower privileged neighbourhood were most likely to be exposed to cocaine up to quintuplet times more than those in privileged areas (Belcher, Shinitzky, 1998). The likelihood that a child will develop externalizing disorders can be traced back to preschool years. Oppositional defiant disorders, leave disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders observed in children during their preschool years are likely to develop as a child grows older. This conditions even if mild in the early years may advance into severe symptoms such as aggression, stealing and substance abuse. Another factor is difficult temperament in children that is characterized by negativity, moodiness, provocations and poor compliance may lead to the child being ostracized or criticized by authority figures. If this occurs in the family, it presents the model of coercive parenting that is present in families where the children deal delinquency and substance abuse (Belcher, Shinitzky, 1998).Protective factorsProtective factor comprise those characteristics present in the individual, his/her family as well as in the environment which are able to prevent individuals from adverse outcomes. The Romano family is most likely miss in offering a nurturing home where the children and the parents are in devote communication and the children have parental support that is substantiating. Personality traits such as self-control, self-concept, self-esteem, academic achievement and social competence in addition aid in raising the resiliency of the adolescent to avoid substance abuse. The challenge manakin is utilizes the resiliency principles on the capacity of the individual to respond as well as to manage his/her life. It states that an individual has the capacity of achieving past the negative factors that might be in their life. As such, a chaotic family does not unavoidably condemn an individual to be damaged forever. The challenge model comprises of 7 principles in the facilitation of healthy and adaptive development of individuals in dependance, insight relationships, humor, initiative, creativity and morality. ontogenesis telling preventi on strategies relies on considering some(prenominal) risk factors and protective factors (Belcher, Shinitzky, 1998).If the Romano children were also able to establish friends with positive oriented peers at school who generalise the problems presented by substance abuse, then these friends are bound to improve their resilience against the habit. The parents also have a role to play, by establishing a enough parenting model despite their busy schedule. The parents are also described as normal by the teachers and as such are in a position to represent as protective factors to their children. On their part, the teachers and the school is act to the welfare of the students as witnessed by their concern and follow up of the Romano case. The school also has clear rules and expectations regarding the use of drugs by students. The family should also aim at exposing their children to a supportive and safe family. This community should have a negative attitude towards the use of drugs. T here are also many positive services and activities that are available to the youth which the family should enroll the children in to please their free time when the parents are away. Educational and treatment approaches are also presented by such communities to assist the adolescents suffering from substance abuse (NIDA Notes, 2002).Children and adolescents present a big challenge in the diagnostic of substance abuse disorder. It is usually likely for the diagnostic evaluation to focus on a particular coexisting disorder or pre-morbid condition for example depression and/or conduct disorder. This can result to the substance abuse being missed or overlooked. This is a common challenge in adolescents as they will often fear being punished for their actions and will in most cases deny ever attempting drugs. They may also feel threaten if the person interviewing them is not sufficiently sensitized with regard to the problem boldness of substance abuse. The need for adolescents to ex periment as well as push the limits also presents a point of confusion. The evaluation of substance abuse will therefore require the careful collection of information that can be quantified regarding the pre-existing conditions associated with the abuse. A rational treatment plan cannot be use without the performance of an accurate diagnosis which includes an evaluation of the pre-existing problems and the degree and vitrine of dependence/abuse (NIDA Notes, 2002).Effects of alcoholAlcohol remains the number one substance used by both the youth and adults across the world. The effects are present of this substance can be seen in the youth, within the family, the justice system and the public health sector. Alcohol consumption patterns revealed in studies on such aspects as drunkenness and driving and split drinking provides predictive information that is crucial in the fight against substance abuse. Figures from 2005 indicate that the rate of alcohol use in populations aged 12 ye ars and older stands at 9.7 percentage. In a state like Arizona, one out of every four individuals indicated that had engaged in saturnalia drinking in the month that preceded the survey. Although alcohol use by adults is of concern, its effect on underage drinkers is alarming. Alcohol is said to kill almost seven more times more underage drinker than a gang of all the other illicit drugs. In addition to this, childrens drinking is a high risk factor for perpetrating violence, falling victim of violent situation and also being involved in violent accidents such as car crashes. Alcohol also has deleterious effect on the mental, physical and emotional development in the students. In particular it contributes to academic underachievement of students and their eventual(prenominal) failure as productive individuals in the society (Fisher Harrison, 2011).Underage drinking increases the risk of children to develop academic problems, make poor decisions, engage in criminal behavior, eng age in risky knowledgeable activities, perpetrate sexual and physical assaults (such as fighting in the case of the Romano children), be victims of both sexual and physical assaults, increase their likelihood of dying young as well as posse a risk to damage their brains irreparably. In addition to the negative effect of underage on the development of the youth, on road synthetic rubber and on the judicial system, it also possess monetary burden on the society that is extraordinary. Handling the mixed areas of alcohol abuse by the youth such as community treatment programs requires allow of money and resources and is as such a burden to the community (Fisher Harrison, 2011).Research indicate that in situations where a child starts drinking before they are 15 years old, then the risk of them developing alcohol-related problems in their adulthood increases fivefold. Alcohol also posses a risk of harming the brain of an adolescent hinder brain development. The information generate d by these researches provides parents as well as other adults with more reasons why they should act to protect and ensure the health and safety of the children not only in America but worldwide (Fisher Harrison, 2011). restore of substance abuse among diverse populationsBy 2003, the United States reported a 9.1 percent of the population said to be suffering from substance use disorder, this is roughly 21.6 million people. 154 million of these were alcohol dependent with drug dependence affecting 44 million. A combination of alcohol and drug dependence was found in 3 million of them. The adolescents and children in the country are feeling the effects most as almost 25 percent of them live in fellowship where the adults or parents are binge or heavy drinkers. A child in every ten children in the country is also said to live in a household that uses illicit drugs. The impact of these is that children grow up with physical and mental drawbacks. A child of an alcoholic parent is at a higher risk of developing alcohol use than any other child and also suffers other mental health problems. Boys are likely to develop externalizing behavior disorders and the girls internalizing behavior disorders both of which predispose them to substance abuse. Children with parents who are illicit drug abusers have a tendency to demonstrate irresponsible, impulsive or greenish behavior, have poor school attendance, low IQ score and have behavioral problems that may also involve anxiety and depression. Ion addition, they are also likely to manifest fearfulness, negative concepts of self, loneliness and concentration impairment. All this increase their risk of engaging in substance abuse. The problems of substance abuse also bring considerable shame and associated stigma to their lives which presents a problem of acknowledgement in them (Fisher Harrison, 2011).SummaryAdolescents engage in use and abuse of substances for various and complex reasons. Most of these reasons can be ex plained by biological theories, for example, disease model and the social learning theories which focus on environmental factors. The Romano Family case study, as would many cases involving school going children, points mainly to the risk-protective factor theory to explain the childrens substance abuse. This theory is able to distinguish between high and low risk factors leading to the development of the problem of substance abuse amongst school going children and as such help in establishing effective treatment programs for the patients.

Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership

Trans constituteional loss drawing cardshiphip and Transformational loss attractershipComp atomic number 18 and contrast surrounded by Transactional leading and Transformational Leadership. What be the signifi enkindlet differences amid the two leadinghip models? go forth relevant examples.1.0 What is Leadership?Leadership has been described as the process of affectionate influence in which one mortal provide enlist or procure the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a communal task. It is the way of organizing a group of people for the purpose of achieving a uncouth destination. A attraction is the person to who is capable of guiding, inspiring and associating others with the dream goal.In addition, there ar various types of lead models which admit effectal leadershiphiphiphip, transformational leadership, and charismatic leadership and so on. In this contest, transactional leadership and transformational leadership leave fuck be compared and contrasted.2.0 translationTransactional LeadershipTransactional leadership is a term used to classify a formally known group leadership theories that inquire the interactions between leaders and chase. A transactional leader focalizationes much on a series of transactions. This person is interested in looking out for oneself, having exchange benefits with their subordinates and clarifies a sense datum of duty with rewards and punishments to reach goals.The transactional leadership style developed by bass part is base on the hypothesis that following are do with a system of rewards and punishment. The transactional leaders view of the leader / accessory kindred is one of quid pro quo or this for that. If the participator does something obedient, then they will be rewarded. If the follower does something wrong, then they will be punished.Transformational LeadershipTransformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and s ocial systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the pursual with the quit goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its accepted form, transformational leadership enhances the need, deterrent examplee and transaction of his followers through a sorting of mechanisms. These include connecting the followers sense of identity and self to the mission and the embodied identity of the organization being a role model for followers that exalts them challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align followers with tasks that optimize their death penalty.The theory behind transformational leaders, on the other hand is based, on the hypothesis that leaders can exploit a know of the follower. These particular needs are not based on quid pro quo transactions, notwithstanding higher distinguish needs. These needs are those of the total person, and are closely aligned with the immanent motivational factors of the follower.So at one end of the spectrum we have transactional leaders that are making many deals with those being led. On the other end of the spectrum, we have transformational leaders, which are looking to satisfy a greater need of an individual.3.0 MissionTransactional Leaderapproaches followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for some other Burnspursues a cost benefit, economic exchange to met subordinates current textile and psychic needs in return for contracted go rendered by the subordinate . BassHere, transformational leaders concur exchange of work with their followers for benefit or rewards. Followers are motivated with the rewards being given.Transformational Leaderrecognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower (and) looks for potential motives in followers, examines to satisfy higher needs, and engages the effective person of the follower BurnsThe leader who recogni zes the transactional needs in potential followers solely tends to go further, seeking to arouse and satisfy higher needs, to engage the full person of the follower to a higher level of need check to Maslows hierarchy of needs BassHere, transformational leaders tend to focus on the move to change the followers and the organization. In addition, as explained by Bass, the transactional leaders focus on the organizational work within the organizational elaboration as the way it exists on the other hand, the transformational leaders try to arrive changes to the organizational culture.4.0 Personal characteristicsTransactionalDirectiveDominatingAction-OrientedTransformationalSelf Confident forcefulSeizes OpportunitiesTolerates RiskUses Systems Thinking5.0 Characteristics of Transactional leaders1. Contingent rewards Transactional leaders link the goal to rewards, explain expectations, extend inevitable resources, set mutually agreed upon goals, and earmark various kinds of reward s for successful performance. They set SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely) goals for their subordinates. These leaders work on some aspects which includeExchange of rewards for effort contracted.Rewards for achieving goals promised.Accomplishments recognized.Clear goals and recognition erstwhile they are reached is held to result in individuals and groups achieving expected levels of performance.2. Management by exception (active)Transactional leaders actively monitor the work of their subordinates, watch for deviations from rules and standards and taking corrective action to pr up to nowt mistakes. These personalities also includeStandards condition by leader.Deviations are searched from the rules and standards.Corrective action taken quickly if necessary. May involve follower punishment.3. Management by exception (passive)Transactional leaders intervene only when standards are not met or when the performance is not as per the expectations. They may even use punishment as a reaction to unacceptable performance. These leaders have some uniqueness which includeLeader awaits emergence of problems in advance acting.Intervenes only if standards are not met.4. Passive-avoidant/Laissez-faireThe leader provides an environment where the subordinates get many opportunities to list decisions. The leader himself abdicates responsibilities and avoids making decisions and therefore the group frequently lacks direction. This can also be explained asAgreements are not specified there are no expectations set and goals and standards are avoided.6. 0 Characteristics of Transformational Leadership1. Charisma or idealized influenceThe degree to which the leader behaves in admirable ways that cause followers to identify with the leader. Charismatic leaders display convictions, take stands and appeal to followers on an emotional level. This is slightly the leader having a clear set of determine and demonstrating them in either action, providing a role model for their followers.2. Inspirational motivationThe degree to which the leader articulates a vision that is appealing and inspiring to followers. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge followers with high standards, relegate optimism about future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand. Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act. routine and meaning provide the energy that drives a group forward. It is also serious that this visionary aspect of leadership be supported by skills that seize the leader to articulate his or her vision with precision and power in a compelling and persuasive way.3. Intellectual stimulationThe degree to which the leader challenges assumptions, takes risks and solicits followers ideas. Leaders with this trait stimulate and encourage creativity in their followers.4. Individualized consideration or individualized attentionThe degree to which the leader attends to each followers needs, acts as a mentor or posture to the follower and listens to the followers concerns and needs. This also encompasses the need to respect and celebrate the individual contribution that each follower can make to the team (it is the motley of the team that gives it its true strength).Transformational LeadersMotivating for performance beyond expectations. exalt for missions beyond self interest.Instilling confidence to achieve performance.Transformational leadership goes beyond transactional leadership.Transactional LeadersMotivating for performance at expected levels.Initiating structure to clarify the task and roles.Stressing the link between reward and goal achievement.Uses agreed upon performance to motivate.Performance beyond expectations7.0 AssumptionsTransformational leadersPeople get inspired by a person then they will follow that person.Great things can be achieved by person with vision and passion.Things are gotten done by the way they are injected with enthusiasm and energy.T ransactional LeadersFollowers/Employees are motivated by reward and punishment.Orders are given by the superiors, and the subordinates have to heed the orders.These subordinates are not self-motivated rather they need to be intimately monitored and controlled in order to get the work done from them.8.0 DifferencesTransitional leadersTransactional leaders are aware of the link between the effort and rewardTransactional leadership is responsive and its basic orientation is dealing with present issuesTransactional leaders cuss on standard forms of inducement, reward, punishment and sanction to control followersTransactional leaders motivate followers by setting goals and promising rewards for desired performanceTransactional leadership depends on the leaders power to reinforce subordinates for their successful cessation of the bargain.Transformational leadersTransformational leaders arouse emotions in their followers which motivates them to act beyond the framework of what may be de scribed as exchange transactionTransformational leadership is proactive and forms new expectations in followersTransformational leaders are distinguished by their capacity to inspire and provide individualized consideration, skilful stimulation and idealized influence to their followersTransformational leaders create tuition opportunities for their followers and stimulate followers to solve problemsTransformational leaders receive good visioning, rhetorical and management skills, to develop strong emotional bonds with followersTransformational leaders motivate followers to work for goals that go beyond self-interest.In addition, the downstairs table will give a detailed contrast of the differences between Transactional leadership and transformational leadership.Transactional LeadershipTransformational Leadership Leadership of the status quo. Effective in stable organizations and contexts. More likely to be observed in a well-ordered society. Leadership of change (within leaders , followers and organizations). Important in times of distress and rapid and destabilizing change. Focuses on social and economic exchanges between leaders and followers, development contingent rewards and administrative actions to reinforce positive and reform ostracise behaviors. Focuses on organizational objectives and organizational change by disseminating new values and seeking alternatives to existing arrangements. Leader-follower relationship sees each exchange needs and services to satisfy their independent objectives. Leader-follower relationship sees purposes of both become fused, leading to virtuoso and shared purpose. Motivates followers by appealing to their own self-interest (for example, pay, and promotion). Attempts to foster follower needs (following Maslows hierarchy) to higher levels (for example, self-esteem) and to develop followers into leaders. Based on directive power acts. Based on interaction and influence. Follower answer based on compliance. Supervi sion likely to be important. Follower response based on commitment. Supervision may be minimal. Leadership act takes place but leaders and followers not bound unitedly in mutual pursuit of higher purpose. Leaders and followers evidence one another to higher levels of motivation and morality. Founded on peoples need to make a living by completing tasks. Founded on peoples need for meaning. Focuses on situational authority, politics and perks. Involves values, but typically those required for successful exchange relationships (for example, reciprocity, and integrity). Focuses on personal power, values, morals and ethics. May be demonstrated by anyone in an organization in any type of position. Emphasis on day-after-day affairs, business needs short-term goals and quantitative information. Transcends daily affairs, concentrating on long-run issues. Leader-follower relationship may be established quickly. A relatively neutral relationship maintained only as long as benefits outbal ance costs. May take time for leader-follower bonds to develop. A personal relationship that may persist when costs outweigh benefits. Tends to be transitory. Once a transaction is completed, relationship may need to be redefined. Tends to be enduring. Emphasizes tactical issues. Emphasizes missions and strategies for achieving them. typically involves working within current systems. May involve re be aftering of jobs to make them to a greater extent meaningful and challenging. Emphasizes realization of human potential. Supports structures and systems that emphasize outcomes. Aligns structures and systems to overarching values and goals. Follower counsel focuses on evaluation. Follower counseling focuses on personal development. Atomistic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on teleological perspective (that is to say, based on consequences). Organic worldview and moral altruistic motives based on deontological perspective (that is to say, based on promises).In addition t o the above table, their differences can also be categorized as the followingBasis Servant or steward LeadershipTransformational leaders have idealized vision. They are likable and faithful hero that worth imitating and identifying. They lead to promote change in the environment. On the other hand, Transactional leaders have the unveiling of exchange process. They work on mutual need satisfying, giving rewards for job performance. They lead to promote stableness in the workplace.Leadership developmentTransformational leaders tend to have more power. They empower and energize their followers excel. They re-engineer their followers. On the other hand, Transactional leaders design structures, control and reward system in their workplace to improve military posture and efficiency.Lead by exampleTransformational leaders are charismatic. They handle and fulfill individuals needs. As well, they upgrade the level of the needs. On the other hand, Transactional leaders possess different types of leadership style, using the right style at the necessary time.Proactive change agentTransformational leaders make an effort to inspire their followers to help them change and transcend their selves for greater purposes. On the other hand, Transactional leaders reward their followers in terms of their performance. They are thermolabile to change at instances.Vision creator propagandistTransformational leaders make effort to create a vision of desired future state. They communicate pain of change that worth the effort. On the other hand, Transactional leaders focus on company goals and objectives. They make sure the needed goals are achieved.9.0 ExamplesTransactional LeadershipIn this kind of leadership, a clear chain of command is established. The leader motivates his subordinates by presenting them rewards and punishments. All requirements for a subordinate are clearly stated with correspondent rewards. If they fail to satisfy those requirements, they will receive a co rresponding punishment. A couple of famous examples of transactional leaders are Joseph McCarthy and Charles de Gaulle.Transformational LeadershipTransformational leaders lead by motivating by their followers. Leaders appeal to their followers ideals and morals to motivate them in accomplishing their tasks. Basically, these kinds of leaders empower their followers using their own beliefs and personal strengths. Simply put, they inspire their followers. Famous transformational leaders include Martin Luther King Jr. and Walt Disney.10.0 ConclusionFinally, the transactional style of leadership is viewed as insufficient, but not bad, in developing the maximum leadership potential. It forms as the basis for more mature interactions but care should be taken by leaders not to practice it exclusively, otherwise it will lead to the creation of an environment permeated by position, power, perks, and politics. On the other hand, transformational Leadership by definition, seek to transform. Whe n the organization does not need transforming and people are happy as they are, then such a leader will be frustrated. resembling wartime leaders, however, given the right situation they come into their own and can be personally responsible for saving entire companies.

Proactive Network Defence Techniques in Security Attacks

Proactive internet abnegation reaction mechanism Techniques in certification Attacks1. Introduction profits Security in the twenty-first degree Celsius is one of the small aspects for the effective management and protection of the enterprise info on board its sustained operations (Stallings, 20071). This is naturally beca determination of the force that the flagellum for web guarantor has increased from passive good times to active br all(prenominal) of the pledge by means of exploiting the vulnerabilities of the profit and its set-up as argued by McClure et al, 20072. This makes it light that a set off from the tralatitiousistic security measures in and brass section, it is essential to launch a pro-active uprise to let out and veto lash outs on the meshwork. In this report a critical review on the act of proactive entanglement self-abnegation techniques to friend describe and interrupt security aggresss to enable interlocking disproof is presented to the reader.2. What is Proactive Network Defence?The proactive intercommunicate defence strategy as opposed to the traditional net income security differs mainly in its application within a given mesh topology. This is beca utilise of the incident that the proactive mesh defence strategy is predominantly involved in the wreak of analysing incoming conversation and entropy remove within the organizations meshing to nominate patterns for computer computer virus outpouring or security breach outside the purview of the virus definitions that argon normally handled by anti-virus softw ar wontd. This makes it slide by that the application of the pro-active entanglement defence strategy in an organization mainly focused on identifying and prcaseing peeled virus patterns, Trojan programs, etc., as opposed to handling the exist virus definitions (Todd and Johnson, 20013). Todd and Johnson (2001) raise argues that the net income attacks by hackers and other unlicensed users is mainly with exploiting the vulnerabilities in the existing set-up of a engagement and the programs used for conversation etc., This makes it unclouded that the use of the proactive interlocking defence strategy is a blusher requirement to assess the colloquy infrastructure and the communications protocols used on a regular basis to identify potential vulnerabilities by constant abbreviation in pronounce to protagonist prevent bitchy attacks exploiting such vulnerabilities (McClure et al, 2007). approximately of the separate proactive network defence strategies be discussed with examples in the accompanying sections of this report.The application of proactive network defence female genital organ be complaisant through implementing a set of applications that are targeted to perform network information epitome and performance depth psychology on the network as rise up as the computers connected to the network. This strategy leave athletic supporter fee d the network security definitions with potential scourges to the network thus enabling the organization to modify the network security policies by an organization. some other critical factor associated with the network security and proactive defence approach is the increasing need for sustain powerfulness everywhere disaster recovery for uninterrupted operations of the essence business processes.This makes it clear that the implementation of proactive network defence strategies through continuously monitor the network traffic result avail achieve the craved take of network defence against external attacks.The train of threats faced by a network varies with the extent to which its vulnerabilities are visible to the hackers and the nature of the information existence handled.3. Event CorrelationThis is deemed to be one of the signalize elements of proactive network defence as the events leading to the security attack like a Denial of Service (DoS) Attack when crushd onli ne scum bag helper prevent the attack rather than repair the damage post-recovery of the attack (Hariri et al, 20054). This process is mainly the business leader to use the proactive network defence transcription to analyse the network selective information and the events handled by an application as part of the network communication in ramble to identify patterns of unusual nature that dejection incite the network defence as argued by Todd and Johnson (2001).One of the key areas where event correlativity online is necessary would be the ICMP attacks and the DoS attacks mentioned preceding(prenominal). In these cases the major(ip) photograph of the network is the ability of the attacker to exploit the basic nature of the protocol architecture and logical conditions that lead to the shiver and subsequent communication between the parties involved. The spoofing and flooding attacks that exploit the network point protocol communication vulnerabilities associated with the handshake process.The sequence of events that lead to the successful attack are mainly associated with the network switch or the hub failing to recognise the malicious user in the handshake process resulting in the transfer of data to the unauthorised user. The events correlation at the network level on the hub will help analyse the series of events in the handshake process raised by the unauthorised user just by identifying the level of communication ports dedicated to the stock for communication thus helping prevent such an attack at the network level.Apart from the case of spoofing and flooding at the network spirit level protocol attacks, the process of event correlation is one of the critical components of proactive network defence owing to the fact that the communication vulnerabilities is evident at all the communication layers of the TCP/IP model as sound as the applications using them for communication as argued by Conway (2004) (2004)5.This is naturally because of the f act that the event correlation is one of the major elements that help identify unsanded Trojan programs that have infiltrated the firewall. Once the events are recorded, a correlation both linear or non-linear would help identify potential threats to the network by identifyingVulnerabilities in the networkThe programs that have exploited such vulnerabilitiesThe events leading to the threatUpon identifying the above, a network administrator so-and-so successfully prevent the attack by updating the security policies and virus definitions of the networks anti-virus program.A nonher example for the case above will be the Pine netmail program in UNIX and Linux Machines that generated temporary file a user was edit an e-mail message (Howard and Whittaker, 20056). The event correlation process rear help identify the sequence of events associated with the entrance money of the temporary files by unauthorised users. The above example also justifies that the communication level securi ty photograph is non the only issue but also the actual software application that is utilising the communication protocol (Conway, 2004).4. Real-time Analysis and Event loggingThe process of real time analysis is deemed to be one of the key aspects of proactive network defence. This is necessary because both the software application vulnerability and the network vulnerability. The real time analysis as argued by Hariri et al (2005) is mainly performed as a listener service that is dedicated to capture the events as they occur whilst analysing them against the logged events from any a database-based application or the event logs that are generated by the operate system. This is the process that can help view the network attacks as the resemblance with the historic events is one of the key aspects associated with identifying planned attacks on a network as argued by Hariri et al (2005). The use of the real-time analysis of the events along with using the existing set of events is indeed a memory mystifying and processor demanding process. Hence the implementation of this procedure across a good network would require effective configuration of the available resources in order to optimize the network performance for raceway the enterprise applications.The implementation of the real-time analysis strategy as part of the proactive network defence is deemed to be an advanced level of security implementation purely cod to the fact that the resources consumed and the nature of the requirement to prevent the slightest attack on the network. This makes it clear that the real-time analysis with correlation to the archive events in either the event logs or database is not an option for small and medium enterprises whilst the real-time analysis in itself is a powerful tool that can help remain firm the network attacks effectively in a proactive manner.One of the major areas where the real-time analysis is applicable is the case of spyware (Luo, 20067). The case of spyware is predominantly strung-out on the ability to mask the events and listen into the target computer/network without the knowledge of the user. The use of the real-time analysis of the events will help identify patterns that can be assessed in order to identify potential spyware that are running in the computer. The use of real-time analysis as part of the proactive network defence will also help identify critical issues associated with the network performance as the primary aim of attackers is the de-stabilise the network. The use of the real-time analysis to review the network performance will help prevent the infiltration of hackers through the use of listeners programs on the transport layer and network layer protocols either through opening an additional communication port or through flooding the communication ports with malicious handshake requests.Attacks like Tiny Fragment Attack which is targeted on the TCP protocol through exploiting the filtering rules of the pr otocol algorithm can be identified effectively using the real-time analysis. The use of appropriate conditions on identifying the filtering rules manipulation in the real-time analysis will help achieve the desired level of network defence whilst preventing the exploitation of the TCP protocol rules.Spyware link up attacks that peril the corporate environment heavily as argued by Lou (2006) can be identified and prevented effectively using the proactive network defence strategies. The real-time analysis strategy of proactive network defence will help accomplish the desired level of network defence whilst continuously analysing the data transferred across the network.5. Access Control and Network ImmunityThe use of the access get wind and network immunity in a network defence strategy is one of the major areas where the network security can be maintained whilst preventing the unauthorised access to the network/network resources as argued by Hariri et al (2005). The proactive netwo rk defence strategy in an organization though event correlation and real-time analysis can be achieved effectively through enabling a robust access control form _or_ system of government across the network as argued by Conway (2004). This owing to the fact that the code hacking targeted on the TLS and SET protocols of the TCP/IOP protocol stack can be identified through analysis through the effective use of the access control policies as argued by Conway (2004). This is plausible by integrating the real-time analysis with the access control policies of the network thus providing the ability to handle exceptions and violations to the network access for a given user registered with the network.It is further critical to appreciate the fact that the major vulnerability within a network is the access control which when not implemented effectively will provide room for the registered users to exploit their network access rights. Role-Based Access control that is deemed to be a logical a nd proactive measure to prevent the malicious access to the information whilst enabling robust access control policy is one of the strategies that can help achieve proactive network defence. The combine use of the real-time analysis and the Role-Based Access Control methodology will help accomplish proactive network defence against external as well as internal attacks on the network.Application penetration as argued by Howard and Whittaker (2005) is one of the major areas where the network immunity strategy can help achieve proactive network defence against malicious attacks on the network. As the inherent weaknesses of the application when identified by the hacker to use for his/her benefit will result in the network being attacked from the core through the application, it is necessary to implement strategies like the aforementioned in order to enable reliable network security. This process is also evident in the case of throughput-based attacks on the communication protocols lik e the unsighted-Throughput diminution attack which can be used by the attacker to reduce the amount of data transferred on purpose when using ICMP protocols. The use of the network immunity through real-time analysis and the use of access control strategies will help draft a better appreciation of the issue faced by the network and the cause for the performance reduction. This when identified can be integrated to the existing security policies of the network in order to prevent hatred of the vulnerabilities within the network.The case of through reduction attacks also accompany the threat of forcing the legion computer to re-send the same message multiple times with reduction in the packet size owing to the inability of the destination to feature the packet. This strategy popularly known as the performance degradation attack by the hackers can have serious impact on the host performance due to the lack of the server to cater for more turning of users can be identified throug h the use of proactive network defence strategies like real-time analysis and network immunity to retard that the performance of the network as well as the computers connected to the network are not affected.The use of event correlation and real-time analysis strategies will help identify the critical issues associated with the communication port related attacks on server computers like the TCP port 80 attacks can be identified and prevented effectively. As the port 80 is one of the key communication ports for TCP protocol in external communication, the exploitation of this vulnerability will affect the overall performance of the server computer being attacked thus resulting in performance degradation. The use of the proactive monitoring methods for network defence can help overcome these issues by identifying patterns through running correlation (linear or non-linear) to prevent novel attacks targeted on such communication ports. The HTTP protocol which is a critical element in t he Web-based applications for electronic occupation is another key application layer protocol that is targeted by hackers on specific communication ports of the computers involved in the communication.6. Applied Proactive Network Defence and Protocol Attacks countermeasuresThe countermeasures for protocol attacks specific to the vulnerability in each network communication protocols used for communication over the Internet are mainly activated in nature. This is because of the fact that the countermeasures Port Randomization for Blind Connection Reset Attack etc., were set in place pursuance an attack but not prevented through assessing the network communication architecture beforehand. In case of the use of the proactive network defence strategy, the key advantage is to use specific software algorithms to assess the existing network and perform a vulnerability check in order to identify the key areas where there will be potential external attacks. This approach will help prevent new attacks through enabling new virus definitions that handle exceptions raised through these attacks.The utilize proactive network defence strategy is deemed to be a continuously evolving strategy that can help identify and handle vulnerabilities in the network as well as the applications used in the network. This makes it clear that the effective use of the applied proactive network defence strategies will help realize the desired network security at an on-going basis as opposed to the traditional countermeasures approach which is mainly reactive in nature.7. ConclusionFrom the discussion presented above it is clear that the proactive network defence when applied across a given enterprise network will help achieve a dynamic network security management. However, the key element that must be appreciated is the fact that the network security must be enabled for the existing security threats using the security definitions and policies defined by the organization alongside the commer cial software used for the network security. The continuous update of the virus definitions alongside the firewall configuration and security updates from the security software vendor is critical for the network security. The major advantage of the use of the proactive network defence strategy is the ability to identify patterns that may have been missed by the definitions from the security software vendor. The configuration of proactive network defence system to the security requirements specific to the organizations network will help implement a layer of security over the otherwise reactive network security strategy. It is also critical to appreciate that the proactive network defence in an organization will help address not only the security related aspects of the network but provide a comprehensive support strategy by analysing the performance of the network and the server/nodes comprising the network. The applied proactive network defence strategy is thus a layer of security th at can help effectively use the security software and network resources in an integrated fashion.Footnotes1 Stallings, W. (2007), Cryptography and Network Security 4th Edition, Prentice Hall2 McClure, S. Kurtz, G. and Scambray, J. (2005), Hacking Exposed 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill3 Todd, C. and Johnson, N. L. (2001), Hack Proofing Windows 2000 boniface Security, Syngress Publishing4 Hariri, S. Guangzhi Qu Modukuri, R. Huoping Chen and Yousif, M. (2005), Quality-of-protection (QoP)-an online monitoring and self-protection mechanism, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on Volume 23, Issue 105 Conway, R. (2004), Code Hacking A Developers Guide to Network Security, Charles River Media6 Howard, M. and Whittaker, J. A. (2005), Application Penetration Testing, IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY, 1540-7993/05/$20.007 Luo, X. (2006), A Holistic Approach for Managing Spyware, E D P A C S, VOL. XXXIII, NO. 11

Effects of Theatre Arts on Emotional Intelligence

Effects of Theatre humanistic discipline on delirious intuitionThis ingest has attempted to examine the impact that an individuals pursuit in Theatre Arts has on his or her delirious pa graphic symbol (EI). The hypothesis in the portray research is thus, there is a electropositive congenatorship among ones contact in field of c fine artoon liberal humanistic discipline and their mad scholarship. Participants of this breeding were residents of Bangalore city, India (N=80). The scale which was use in this research to administer on the essay was the stirred follow through Scale, contriveed by Anukool Hyde, Sanjyot Pethe and Upinder Dhar. The findings of the athletic field were such(prenominal) that individuals who boast been active musicians of sign of the zodiac humanities had a high uper EI (M=138.67) than those individuals who were not undetermined to the mansion arts (M=129.65). These results indicate that exposure to, participation in and the c learing of the mansion arts is highly useful in delirious, and hence amiable fountainhead-being.EMOTIONAL password AND THEATRE ARTSEmotional recognition (EI) is defined by make and Sawaf (1997) as the powerfulness to sense, beneathstand and effectively apply the power and cleverness of emotions as a rootage of human energy, information, connection and influence. It comprises of the power to discriminate accurately, evaluate and express emotions the ability to comprehend emotions and delirious knowledge and able growing. It also is characterized by- self awareness, sense of humour management, self motivation, empathy, managing family relationships. The intimately extensively recognised definition of stirred intelligence, is that inclined by Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer, who generate been leading researchers in the field, and is defined as the subset of loving intelligence that concerns the ability to monitor ones own and some others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide ones mentation and actions (1990).What popularized the guide of emotional intelligence is the universalation of Golemans bestselling Emotional Intelligence in 1995. This model introduced by Daniel Goleman places its focus on leadership performance steer by a large collection of competencies and skills by agency of emotional intelligence (Goleman, 1988). Golemans model demarcates four main EI constructs, namely, self-awareness, which is the ability to construe ones emotions and understand their influence term using intuitions and instincts to direct decisions self-management, that which has to do with secureling ones emotions and impulses and adjusting in new situations social awareness, the ability to discern, comprehend, and reply to others emotions and relationship management, the ability to motivate, influence, and develop others while dealing with difficult situations (Bradberry, Travis and Greaves, Jean, 200 9).The origins of this subject can be traced ski binding to Darwins urinate on the importance of emotional expression for selection (Bar-On, 2006). In The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), Darwin depute forth that human emotional expressions get under ones skin an adaptive and survival value, and that this feature has its consequences in its evolution. However, he posited that there are any(prenominal) human reactions which are not of significant survival value now, except were in the past, and that this, coupled with a similarity of emotional expression among all human beings suggests a common descent from an former pre-human ancestor (Encyclopaedia of Psychology, n.d.).In the twentieth century, publications began appearing with the work of Edward Thorndike on social intelligence in 1920, which described the skill of understanding and managing other large number (Bar-On, 2006). Many of these early studies focused on describing, defining and assessing so cially suitable behaviour (Chapin, 1942 Doll, 1935 Moss Hunt, 1927 Moss et al., 1927 Thorndike, 1920). This was then followed by studies on the influence of non-intellectual factors on sizable behaviour, by D Wechsler (as cited in Bar-On, 2006) and the sen cadencent of multiple intelligences as put forth by Howard Gardner in 1983 (Smith M.K., 2002). In the recent old age the champaign of emotional intelligence has escalated. Research includes areas ranging from emotional intelligence and its relationship with work place and social competencies to its influence on a healthy and fertile life as such (Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations, http//www.eiconsortium.org/about_us.htm). For example, emotional intelligence has become increasely popular as a measure for identifying potentially effective leaders, and as a beam of light for developing effective leadership skills (Palmer, Walls, Burgess, Stough, Leadership and Organization Development Journal , 2001). In the subscribe mentioned, emotional intelligence correspond with several components of transformational leadership suggesting that it whitethorn be an valuable component of effective leadership. In particular emotional intelligence whitethorn paper for how effective leaders monitor and respond to subordinates and make them feel at work. Further in a instruct conducted by the Center for Creative Leadership, in the USA, individual hemorrhoid as obtained by a multi-rater feed ski binding tool called Benchmarks were compared to self-reported emotional intelligence as careful by the BarOn EQ-I, and the findings were that pick up leadership skills and perspectives are related to aspects of emotional intelligence and the absence of emotional intelligence was related to career derailment (Leadership Skills and Emotional Intelligence, Center for Creative Leadership, http//www.ccl.org/leadership/pdf/assessments/skills_intelligence.pdf, 2003).The learning of emotional intell igence has been of high momentum in the field of healthcare as well. In the year 2000, composition conducted by Joseph Cairochi, Frank P. Deane and Stephen Anderson, Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia, hypothesized that EI would make a alone(predicate) contribution to understanding the relationship between focusing and three important mental health variables, depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. This was a cross-sectional study where university students were indispensable to evaluate their life-stress, objective and self-reported emotional intelligence, and mental health. One of the findings revealed that stress was associated with commodiouser suicidal ideation among those low in managing others emotions (MOE). MOE was shown to be statistically different from other relevant measures, suggesting that EI is highly essential in understanding the link between stress and mental health.Emotional Intelligence and Alexithymia-Alexithymia- literal ly without words for emotions, in Greek- was a term originally coined by psychotherapist Peter Sifneos in 1973 in order to describe a state of deficiency in understanding, processing or describing emotions (Bar-On Parker, 2000, p40-59, Taylor ,1997, p28-31). Alexithymia is defined by many factors, such as, barrier identifying feelings and distinguishing between feelings and the bodily sensations of emotional arousal difficulty describing feelings to other nation constricted imaginal processes, as evidenced by a paucity of fantasies a stimulus-bound, externally oriented cognitive style. (Taylor,1997, p29).Logically, one would expect an inverse relation between the constructs of alexithymia and emotional intelligence. This expectation has been supported in the literature. Schutte et al (1998) implant that in a sample consisting of University students, a self-report measure of emotional intelligence (the Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test) was significantly inversely correlate d with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, which was used as the model measure for alexithymia . Research with larger connection samples has particularly gear up significant associations. For example, Parker, Taylor, and Bagby (2001) found a strong disconfirming correlation between the Emotion Quotient Inventory and the TAS in a sample of 734 community members (Stys, Brown, 2004, A Review of the Emotional Intelligence- Literature and Implications for Corrections, 28).According to Johanna Vanderpol (n.d.)- author, speaker, rail and workshop provider in emotional intelligence and emotional upbeat, Canada- art and head for the hills, which are forms of emotional expression, are the essential ways in which individuals, peculiarly young children, expand their abilities and master their environment, further stating that emotional expression is but a part of developing emotional intelligence.One such study presented a series of experiential exercises designed to use visual arts and poe m in classroom settings to increase students awareness and recognition of emotion-two key components of emotional intelligence (Morris, Urbanski, Fuller, 2005). In a study titled Emotional Intelligence and the Performing Arts Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries, an experiential dressing architectural plan that employed the Ability Model of emotional intelligence (Salovey and Mayer, 1990, 1997) was make with performing arts and drama therapy to create a workshop program, whose let was to increase the awareness of the role of emotions in working life, and provided interactive skill opportunities to pledge with complicated emotional dilemmas arising from their leadership roles. Survey results from the workshops and a focus- ag root at three months follow-up revealed that participants used the learning experience of the workshop to place and resolve specific leadership challenges in their role (Rauker, Skinner, Bett, 2009).The current study attempts to show a relationship between e motional intelligence and ones social occasion in the Theatre Arts. Theatre, or Drama, as it is more commonly known, is the most integrative of all the arts it can and often does, include singing, dancing, painting, sculpture, storytelling, puppetry, music, numbers and of course, the art of acting (Snow, DAmico, Tanguay, 2003, p73). Also it has been of wide contention that there is an connatural healing function in theatre which goes all the way back to its origins in human culture (Bates, 1988 Emunah, 1994 McNiff, 1988 Pendzik, 1988 Snow, 1996). A wide range of study has been done on the influence of drama on psychological well being and the role it plays in psychotherapy, hence giving rise to the concept of Drama Therapy. Drama therapy is one of the several expressive or germinal art therapies among which are art therapy, dance/movement therapy, music therapy, poetry therapy and psychodrama, concerning the therapist and the client who attempt to evaluate their life experiences as they engage in a largely creative process, in this case by the media of drama and theatre (Landy, 2006, p135). One such drama therapy technique that has been canvas is Dramatic Resonances. This method is establish on the creative responses that participants offer from inside dramatic man to an input posed from outside dramatic reality (Pendzik, 2008, p217). Further, therapeutic theatre has been a growing field and which is an approach that involves a therapeutic development of a play and its presentation in scarer of an audience (Pendzik, 2008). It is defined as the therapeutic development of a play in which the roles are established with therapeutic goals in mind the full process of play production is, in fact, a form of group psychotherapy it is all facilitated by a therapist skilled in drama and finally the play must be performed for a public audience (Snow, DAmico, Tanguay, 2003, p73). However, according to Robert J. Landy, though the field of drama therapy has been gr owing by the numbers, university-based training programs in the USA are inadequate (Landy, 2006). This trend could be an indicator of a potential consequent decline in the study of this field. This paper aims to encourage a positive shift from such a trend and bring about a focus on an increasing awareness and at straination of the constructive relationship between Drama and emotional intelligence.Considering the significant research that has gone into the relationship between emotional well-being and the theatre arts, largely in the West, this study attempts to investigate the prevalence of a positive relationship between a thorough social function in the Theatre Arts and emotional intelligence, among individuals residing in a theatre-active city in India. The study is conducted by means of a questionnaire that is based on the Emotional Intelligence Scale, as effected by a total of great hundred individuals, all of whom reside in Bangalore, India, a city acclaimed for its active involvement in the theatre arts.MethodologyParticipantsThe study was conducted by means of a standardized questionnaire, viz. the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), as completed by a total of 80 individuals, all of whom reside in Bangalore, India, a city acclaimed for its active involvement in the theatre arts. Of these 80 individuals, 40 belong to the control group. This group consists of individuals who have not been exposed to the theatre arts. Of these 40 individuals, 20 belong to the age group of 20-25 old age (M age-group= 21.5) while the counterbalance belong to the age group of 30-35 years (M age-group= 32). The observational group consists of 40 individuals who have been active members of theatre associations across the city. Of these 40 individuals, 20 belong to an age group of 30-35 years (M age-group=32.5) while the rest belong to an age-group of 20-25 years (M age-group=21.5).Ethical concerns were met with, as the participants were informed of the purpose of the st udy, were do to sign a consent form before participating in the study and were assured of confidentiality.MaterialsThe questionnaire used was a standardized Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Anukool Hyde, Upender Dhar Sanjyot Pethe, in the year 2001, published by Vedant Publications, Lucknow and consisted of 34 questions based on the Likert scale, in a way that the participant was asked to respond to each statement-question by choosing one of the five options- Strongle Agree, Agree, Uncertain, Disagree, Strongly Disagree. endeavorThis study fundamentally deals with two variables which are involvement in the theatre arts and emotional intelligence, the dependent variable being emotional intelligence and the independent variable being involvement in theatre arts. Of the 80 individuals, 40 belonged to the control group, consisting of individuals who have not been exposed to the theatre arts. The experimental group consists of 40 individuals who have been active members of th eatre associations across the city. Of these 40 individuals, 20 belong to an age group of 30-35years and have had experience in one or more of the various aspects of theatre such as acting, directing, story-telling, music, etc for a minimum of 10 plays while the rest belong to an age-group of 20-25 years and have similarly participated in a minimum of 5 plays so far. This division of age groups was employed with an aim to represent a growth in the groups emotional intelligence.ProcedureThe experimental group was obtained at an auditioning program held by Evam, a leading dramatics association in Bangalore, when 40 individuals, some who were auditioning and some organizing, were approached to on a one to one basis, and do to fill out the EIS questionnaire each. Demographic details as their age, sex and experience in theatre were taken. The control group consisted of randomly selected individuals who reside Bangalore, and have had no experience of involvement in the theatre arts. They were similarly make to fill out the EIS, along with their respective corresponding details. The entire study was conducted in one city in an attempt to maintain a certain consistency in obtaining the results, and minimising any potential disparity.ResultsWith the raw scores obtained, the statistical analysis that followed included finding out the mean, standard deviation, standard error of the difference between the means of two samples and employing of a non-parametric test as the Mann-Whitney U test.In the results obtained for the Mann-Whitney U test, the z values of sampling distribution of U an U, 2 and 5.68 respectively, were found to be significant at two 0.05 and 0.01 levels. The average mean for the experimental group was 138.67, and for the control group was 129.65. For the experimental group, the value of standard deviation was found to be 8.83. For the control group, the SD obtained was 1.11. In determining the moment of the difference between the two means of the two groups, the standard error obtained was 2.10, for which the z value was found to be 4.29. Thus, the computed z value was found to be significant at both 1% and 5% significance levels.Further, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed to the subgroups under the experimental group in order to show a positive relation between the two. While the z value obtained for U was found to be 1.48, implying insignificant at 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels, the z value obtained for U was 7.85, which meant significant at both 0.05 as well as 0.01 significance levels.DiscussionThis paper has attempted fundamentally to study the symbiotic relationship between ones involvement in the theatre arts and their emotional intelligence, and how, with cadence and experience, an increasing involvement in the same renders one to develop greater EI, which in turn implies an increased accuracy in perceiving, appraising, managing and expressing emotions. As cooper and Sawaf demonstrated in 1997, the characteristi c manifests of a high EI include self-awareness, mood management, self motivation, empathy and managing relationships. Thus, through investigating the levels of emotional intelligence of the participating individuals, and ask into their experience in the theatre arts, the researcher has arrived at findings which show a positive relationship between the two variables. From examining the results obtained, some of the deductions are, that young adults who involve in the theatre arts as drama (acting), music, story-telling, and direction, tend to have a high emotional intelligence as compared to young adults who do not engage in any of the theatre arts and that with time and experience these individuals could possibly have a propensity to a unvarying growth in their EI, again, as compared to individuals of their age, who have had no inclination towards the theatre arts. These two findings could further imply that these individuals would be likely to have more rewarding, productive and successful lives. One more supposition which could be cadaverous from the results of this study is that these individuals could be liable to do better coping with the stress and setbacks, implying a lowered risk of heart disease, anxiety attacks, psychological distress, forty winks problems, high blood pressure, poor immune function, alcoholism, etc (Mikolajczack, Luminet, Menil, 2006 Hunt, Evans, 2002 Trinidad, Johnson, 2000). However, there are some probable challenges that can be posed to these conclusions. The entire study was based in one single city, and the challenge in this case is that the theatre-culture may vary from city to city, just as from theatre-group to theatre-group. Therefore, generalizing the results would have to be check only to the city where the study was conducted. Further, the study did not consider the role gender could play in the relationship between ones EI and their involvement in the theatre arts, as there was no categorization of the two sexes w hile conducting the study. This could, in fact, entail future experiment on whether gender plays a role in the development of EI, by way of thorough involvement in the theatre arts. Additionally, the researcher has considered the theatre arts as a whole, comprising of its various aspects such as acting, music, story-telling, and direction. The participants of the study belonging to these categories were distributed unequally. Thus, the results obtained in the study are required to be considered generically and cannot be taken into account categorically. Probably, further research could be carried out to study the individual aspects, such as acting, alone, for example, and studying the aspects relationship with the participants emotional intelligence. One possible source of error and an intervening variable could have been the environment of administering the test and the mental set of the participant while filling out the questionnaire. It must be noted that the study was conducted at an auditioning program of a theatre group and that most of the participants of the study had only just finished their turn at the audition. It can be assumed that the mental set of the participant at this stage, could have possibly affected his or her responses in the test. In other words, the participants perception of his or her own performance at the audition, which could either have been positive and affirmative or negative and uncertain of his or her chances to be successful in the attempted task, is likely to have influenced the responses he or she provided in the Emotional Intelligence Scale. A possible remedy for this, to countervail the effects of the performance at the audition, could be that the researcher could provide the participant with a time-gap of approximately half an hour, following which, the test could be administered, expect that consequently, the participant is less likely to be influenced by the audition-performance while responding to the given test.In conclusion, this study has successfully investigated the issue it primarily aimed to, and in violate of the potential challenges faced in the deduction of its findings, it has proved the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between ones involvement in the theatre arts and their emotional intelligence. The findings of the study entail further research in the vast area of psychological health and the creative arts, of which the theatre arts are an integral part, especially in India, as the current study was conducted with an aim to bring about an awareness in the Indian society, of the great advantages of the theatre arts and its positive relationship with psychological well-being.

Environmental Ethics And Social Responsibility

surroundal Ethics And Social Responsibility surroundal ethics has become a hot topic of the modern era. kaput(p) be the days of our lifelike surroundings being an afterthought. We, as a society, are now fully certified of the tincel habitat in which we are a part of, what it does for us, and what we do and can do for it. This is square as this recognition was, for the most part, absent until reasonable a some decades ago. The following paper result illustrate how although we harbour come a long way in realizing personalitys true essence and our negligence of this look on, we placid have a lot of work to do in honing these moral views, beca physical exertion the universe is non just for clement beings and if we dont continue to acknowledge this, it whitethorn just fight back.In centuries past, society paid little direction to nature and its non- tender-hearted inhabitants other than how it can benefit mankind. Whether it was for food, work, or pleasure, nature compl etely was recognized for human gain. We were very much an anthropocentric civilization, meaning, we only depute inbuilt value to human beings only or there was a greater intrinsic value placed on humans in a higher place all non-human life forms (Brennan Lo, 2008). It was even a strong religious view that everything on Earth was put here by God for human consumption. Everything was assumed to be at our disposal. From trees to animals, if we had a need for it, it was used. Add to this that our macrocosm by dint ofout explanation has grown exponentially and this means even much people contri besidesing to this carelessness. Over time, single(a)s were not the only ones disregarding nature, entities such as line of credites were in like manner. As industries were discovered and grew they not only used our natural resources but contaminated them as well through taint and waste. though noted historical figures such as naturalist Aldo Leopold (1949), biologist Rachel Carson (1963) and historiographer Lynn White Jr. (1967) helped to pioneer environmental awareness, it wasnt until April 22, 1970 that reform really began to squander place. That particular day was labeled Earth Day in the unite States and it was a day used to bring consciousness to the endangerment and value of our environment (Earth Day still is recognized annually every April to this day). In auxiliary to this event, NASA produced a shocking and enlightening image of the Earth forcen from quadriceps femoris at Christmas 1968 and featured in the Scientific American in kinsfolk 1970 that really propelled public interest. Here, plain to see, was a living, shining planet voyaging through space and shared by all homo, a precious vessel vulnerable to pollution and to the overuse of its limited capacities (Brennan Lo, 2008), absorb became evident. All of the use and subsequent abuse combined with a constant booming race produced a need for a miscellany, hence environmental ethics was born.Environmental ethics, defined, is a branch of philosophy that considers the moral relations between human beings and their natural environment as a field of study, it assumes that humans have certain responsibilities to the natural world, and it seeks to help people and their leaders become aware of them and to act responsibly when they do things that impact the natural world (ScienceClarified, 2010). non only do environmental ethics highlight the human mistreatment of the environment and the puts of this mistreatment, but it emphasizes nature and all living organisms as having just as much set to live/exist on this Earth as humans do. Two schools of thought, though various forms exist, are concordant with environmental ethics deep ecology and alter ecology. Deep ecology is a philosophical belief that all forms of life- plant, animal, human- have an intrinsic right to exist in the natural environment and that humans have a direct certificate of indebtedness to mainta in the environment for all life forms whereas shallow ecology holds that humans have a responsibility to protect the environment so it can reinforcing stimulus human life both in the present and in the future (ScienceClarified, 2010). While deep ecology is more(prenominal) than so the ultimate goal, both philosophies are a major change in thought when compared to our anthropocentric past. Do other species have an intrinsic right to exist? Does the Earth exist just for the benefit of humanity? Are humans responsible for being the guardians over the Earth? Do trees have any legal rights? Are we obligated to have concern for future generations? Questions such as these, among many others, are what drive environmental ethics.Now that we know what environmental ethics is and a little of its history we can take a look at where we stand directly on environmental ethics. Unfortunately, today we still face an enormous kernel of environmental issues which include air and water pollution, erosion of soil, deforestation, diminishing natural resources, biodiversity destruction (plant and animal extinction), and ozone layer depletion, among others. Most of these effects were becoming a line when we were first introduced to environmental ethics and have very increased decimal since. This doesnt make sense, why would these problems still exist, let alone be worse now when the human race has shown concern regarding them? The answer is not smooth but it mostly has to do with human nature and overpopulation. The increase in human population increases the demands for the water resources more land is required for caparison there is an increased demand for food for which agricultural land is needed more fuel is required more automobiles and manufacturers cause more pollution etc.(Pillai, 2009). Compound this with the mere fact that humans always urgency more and something weaken, thus continually increasing ones lifestyle, whether it is through breakthroughs in techno logy or industrial progresses (among many others), takes it toll on the environment as well. withal though the realm of environmental ethics has enabled many agencies to exist, such as the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), to help monitor and regulate the people and their treatment of the environment, as well as educating them, more must be done.Looking towards the future, the go away of environmental ethics will become even more substantial. As the planet is under enormous geological stresses, which are continually increasing, it will in the future no longer be able to support its population (Haan, 2009). Effort from nations, organizations, and groups are most certainly needed to improve, but our future may just depend on a better individual parturiency. Most people are under the impression that their individual effort is so minute in the grand scheme of things that they actually assume very little responsibility towards the environment. Another problem is that the mass of humankind doesnt understand just how their actions of today can greatly push the future generation. Just because something that is done today doesnt have an immediate effect it is often overlooked. It is important to understand that everyone plays a role in the general process of life each persons decision can ultimately mask the future (Haan, 2009). Some individual efforts that can make a dispute concerning our environmental future are reducing usage of plastic since it is not biodegradable, recycling garbage, promoting the development and use of environment friendly technologies, and utilizing more natural agriculture. Another big change that may be needed, though it can be controversial, is to implement aggressing family planning to limit human population there is only so much land available and no matter how many alterations we make in our lifestyles and mentality, too many people is too many peoplebut that is topic for another day. Nevertheless, our insights and actions t owards the environment are critical for the future of our survival, environmental ethics are imperative.In short, if we want to see a future it is imperative that we make more of an effort to curb our indulgences as we make progress. Yes, advancement in technology, big business and the like has benefited mankind greatly but we all must fete in mind that with greater success comes greater responsibility. The study of environmental ethics has opened our eyes but we must continue to respect nature in its own right and therefore it will in turn thrive again as it once did enabling us to live as we should. Yes, it shouldnt be a give and take scenario but being the humans that we are, this is inevitable. However, just as we have taken from nature for so many years, nature can and just may take something back, it may take us, the existence of the human race, if we dont take more responsibility as individuals and as a whole and continue to push the movement.

Jean Piagets Contribution to Psychology Essay -- Jean Piaget Papers

Throughout history, many a(prenominal) people have made amazing contri providedions to the school of psychology. One of these was blue jean Piaget and his theories on the cognitive development stages.Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland. here(predicate) he studied at the university and received a doctorate in biology at the age of 22. Following his schooling he became progressively interested in psychology and began much question and studying of the subject. From this research Piaget created a broad theoretical system for the development of cognitive abilities. His work, in this way, was much like that of Sigmund Freud, save Piaget emphasized the ways that children think and contract knowledge.Piaget referred to his theory as genetic epistemology. This is defined as the study of the acquisition, modification, and harvest-feast of abstract ideas and the abilities as on the basis of an inherited or biologic substrate, an intelligent functioning that makes the g rowth of abstract thought possible.(Ginsburg 5) Piaget derived his theories from directly spy children and by questioning them about their thinking. He was less interested in whether the children answered correctly than how they arrived at their answers. Piaget viewed intelligence as an extension of biological variation that has a logical structure. One of the central points of his theories was that of epigenesis. This is that growth and development exceed in a series of stages, each of which is built on the prosperous mastery of the previous stage.(Furth 33)Piaget described four major stages leading to the efficacy for adult thought. Each stage is a prerequisite for the following stage, but the rate at which different children move through different stages varies with their hered... ...ght, but on a higher level than in the past. Not in all adolescents enter the stage at the similar time or to the same degree. Depending on individual capacity some may not acquire the stage at all and may remain in concrete operational mode throughout life.Despite the psychiatric applications Piagets theories have been utilize more widely in the area of education. Piagets concepts have been used to determine educational problems, such as assessing intellectual development, scholastic aptitude, grade placement, and information readiness. Innovative early school programs, such as Head scratch line can be traced to Piagets believe that experience plays a major position in human thought. Throughout his writings Piaget emphasized that the greater richness, complexity, and the variety of the environment, the greater the likelihood that high levels of mental functioning are achieved.

How Computers Impact our Daily Life :: essays research papers

Computers are transforming society. Time is collapsing. Distance is no womb-to-tomb an obstacle. Crossing oceans takes only a mouse clack.This is the phrase of sentences I hear somewhere about computers. Virtually, computers which pressure near peoples life are considered as the most important technological achievement of the XXI century. Using computers, we tooshie make or solve most of difficult things which are scarce completed without their hands. Because of these different varieties of abilities, computers have been creating many noticeable achievements in most of societies? field especially medicine, education, and usual life. In other words, these three fields also are computers? influences that I want to write in this probe today.Firstly, there is a nonnegotiable point here that health services and artwork of medicine have been changed absolutely by computers in recent decades. Computers all told are able share the physician?s heavy handicraft which is save human?s life. In deed, since computers have been invented, new technological treatments that cooperate with computers have cured a thousand of patients. Eventually, there is naught is more happy than come to life again. Formerly, once a twist around wanted to diagnose their patients, he or she mainly used to harbour their experiences. Unfortunately, this process is doubted sometimes. And now, computers and other accessory machines are able to diagnose accurately with less time. In addition, computers have the other excellent benefit which is the readiness in analyzing gene. Now scientists have more conditions to examine organic structures or to invent many new medicines, modern effective treatments which are very useful by using these gene technologies. Undoubtedly, the medicine?s sure promotions closely connect with the development of computers. Therefore, we can agree unanimously that computers greatly influence our existent medicine. Furthermore, ?Crossing oceans takes only a mouse click?- with computers, we no longer remain the conception about spatial distance. truly the greatest advantage of computers is reducing distance and connecting people together. By this or other ways, computers thoroughly support and push up our education. Nowadays, students certainly gruntle at star sign but still can study for his or her bachelor degree. This actually seems to be impossible few decades ago. Those students just learn to equip themselves with a computer connected internet at home only. This perfect utility is determined as computers? greatest success for humankind. For example, hotshot student, a handicap person, who has his or her health?s problems, completely feels ill-fitting to go to school.

Animals and Humans Are Not Equal Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Ess

Animals and humanity Are Not EqualFranklin was a vegetarian in his youth, believing that killing animals was a kind of unprovokd Murder. Later, however, Franklin was tempted by the smell of fish being fried. Having seen small fish in the stomachs of fish being prepared, he indomitable he could eat them if they ate each other. If animals eat other animals to extend life, animals must be an excellent source of food. Meat contains many vitamins.Animals volition have rights when they have the heart and soul to enforce them. They dont have the ability to apprehension as valet de chambre do. The human race has such a huge understanding of the necessities for all of the different species of animals to exist. Humans are far sea captain to any other animal because they are so advanced in technology. One advantage of advanced technology is, humans can neckcloth information as reference material. With all of this reference material humans can look back at previous mistakes so they do nt do the same thing again. With this knowledge, humans can see and predict outcomes to begin with a choice is made. Humans have the knowledge to enforce their rights, something no other animal has.The debate of whether animal rights are more(prenominal) all important(predicate) than human rights is one that raft have argued mercilessly. Some people conceptualise all animals are equal. To understand this, humans must be considered animals. Humans are far more civilized than any animal, they have the power, along with understanding to control many types of sickness and disease. This understanding that humans have, keeps them at the top of the food chain.Factory farms produce the meat that most people in densely populated areas consume each day. The conditions in these farms arent ideal. in that location isnt much room in thes... ...and gave them dominion over all that was in the earth. Animals are not equal to humans.There are those who will lock fight for animal rights, but one might wonder if this disoblige isnt just an excuse for some twisted person to do physical harm to another. Brian Cass...was left with a three-inch head wound after the rape (Cass). Here is a quote from the PETA celebrity spokesman, Bill Maher To those people who read My father is alive because of animal experimentation, I say Yeah, well life-threatening for you. This dog died so your father could live. Sorry , but I am just not behind that kind of trade off. What kind of military capability is that? Perhaps the people who feel this way should have no more rights than an animal. That is cold, that a person could say that. Human life is the most rich to God or he wouldnt have given us the means to protect and preserve our rights.

Stereotype of Politicians Breaking Promises Essay -- Politics Politica

The Promise Trap28 September 1999A common complaint ab push through politicians--so common its a stereotype--is that they break their arrangements. Au fleetnces determine one liaison, the politician seems to do another, and then the complaining begins. This scenario could be the extend of miscommunication on the contribution of the politician or misinterpretation on the part of the audience. But the reality is more complex. Politicians do make promises, although they rarely utilization the word as the verb and themselves as the subject of the sentence. And audiences do hear promises world made and have a right to expect action if the fancy of a promise still creates a bond, or a take aim, amid the one who promises and the one promised.Listen carefully, and you will hear the politicians running for the assorted presidential nominations making promises. Often, they will sound/read something like this promise from a recent speech by Steve Forbes Under my intent, that sil ver is your money. If you die prematurely, you can leave it to your spouse, to your children, to your grandchildren - tax-free and untouched by the politicians. Thats the moral thing to do, and thats the promise of a Forbes Administration.Here Forbes is talking about a plan to create more wealth for retirement. As the quote clearly states, this money would pass from generation to generation tax free. The pronoun that at the beginning of the outset independent clause of the third sentence refers to the situation of the money passing(a) on tax free--so this passing is the moral thing to do. The second that in the second independent clause is a tricky because it could refer to the alike(p) situation as the first clause, or it could refer a widely distributed moral situation that Forbes hopes t... ...ow going in that, in most cases, they cannot contain specific promises. Yet they promise anyway in roundabout ship canal meant to create the contract in the minds of the audience whil e leaving an out when the unhappy outcome happens.Austin is clear about what he thinks of situations such(prenominal) as these. As he says I promise entails I ought...to say I promise but not to fulfill the act is parallel to saying both it is and it is not. Just as the conception of assertion is defeated by an internal contradiction, the purpose of a contract is defeated if we say I promise and I ought not (51).Black is white. Night is day. encounter to doublespeak.Works CitedAustin, J. L. How to Do Things With Words. Urmson, J. O. and Marina Sbisa, eds. Harvard UP, Cambridge, MA 1975.DiClerico, Robert E. The American President. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1995.

Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih Essay -- Season of Mig

Written by Tayeb Salih, the story era of Migration to the sexual union as described by The Observer is an Arabian Nights in reverse, enclosing a pithy moral about international misconceptions and delusions. The novel is set both in England and the Sudan, showing the stark social differences at heart these two locations. In this essay, I will evaluate the reasons supporting and opponent Mahjoubs statement as defined in Season of Migration to the North. In the first line of the novel (and once more subsequent in the book dear sirs page 62), the narrator introduces the reader to a male-dominated world by suggesting his audience is masculineIt was, gentlemen, after a dogged absenceseven years, to be exact, during which time I was studying in Europethat I returned to my people.Despite the subtlety of the word gentlemen, this, I see is purposefully done, to immediately show the reader the extent to which village liveliness is dominated entirely by the male. Its subtlety reflects t he idea that male lateralisation has become just a normal part of life, to the point where it outhouse almost be looked over. The death of Mustafa Saeed meant that his widow woman was placed in the handle of the narrator, Youre the brides guardian.This suggests that even as a widow, a charwoman was not free to do as she pleased, with regards to who she was to wed. The fact that a widow was being dictated to, showed that the village night club was more patriarchal than that of the society that existe...

the paper :: essays research papers

Chinese Space News attach 10th Consecutive Successful Launch of Long blemishYesterdays ChinaStar-1 drive was the 52nd hurl by Chinese Long March rocket and the tail by a Long March 3B, the countrys virtually powerful launch vehicle. Long March experienced 3 failures in 1995 and 1996. The successful launches in recent two categorys will undoubtely strengthen Long Marchs persuasion in the competition of global launch market. The Long March 3B set(p) the 2984 kg ChinaStar-1 into an orbit of 201x85732km with 24.5 degree inclination. The Lockheed Martin built major planet has 24 C-band and 24 Ku-band transponders. It will be finally placed into the geostationary orbit at 87.5 degrees East longitude by Lockheed Martin in next few days. Next in line will be the Sinosat-1 built by the French classify, Aerospatiale, for an authoritative Chinese client. That launch, also by a Long March 3B, is evaluate in July.&61607     May 30, 1998 Long March 3B Successfull y Launched ChinaStar-1Long March 3B successfully launched ChinaStar-1 today, CCTV, the Chinese official television station announced today. This is the 4th launch and the threesome successful launch of Long March 3B, the most powerful rocket in China. Chinastar-1 was built by Lockheed Martin and will be operated by China Oriental Telecommunications. &61607     May 29, 1998 APT major planet Holdings gibe Revenue GrowthHong Kong Satellite operator APT Satellite Holdings sees receipts growth this year despite a reduction in the artificial satellite transponder run in Asia due to the economic slowdown. The current leasing rate for the companys third satellite, Apstar-IIR, was now at 25 per cent. But it was expected to increase more(prenominal) than 50 per cent by the end of the year, APT chairman Xie Gao-Jue said. The group planned to launch Apstar V or one big satellite to replace Apstar I and Apstar IA, which run out in 2004 and 2006 respectively. APT Sa tellite was also negotiating with a mainland firm to develop a direct circularize satellite system, though no decision has been reached. The groups current financial billet was rated "healthy" on a gearing ratio of 42 per cent. contract effects of the Asian currency crisis were said to be minimal as the firms revenue is in US dollars.&61607     May 24, 1998 AsiaSat 4 Launch posture on HoldAsia Satellite Telecommunications Holdings (AsiaSat) yesterday said it was postponing the launch of AsiaSat 4 due to a decrease in demand for telecommunication services from satellite transponders. "We will evaluate the project at the end of this year and hoped it can be launched in the year 2000, chief executive policeman Peter Jackson said.